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Kusukela Ezimpahleni Zamakhemikhali Kuya Ezimisweni Zesenzo: Ukuqonda i-1-methylcyclopropene

1-Methylcyclopropene(Inombolo ye-CAS 3100-04-7, efingqiwe ngokuthi i-1-MCP). Ngokombono wamakhemikhali, i-1-MCP iyinhlanganisela encane ye-olefin ejikelezayo ebonakala njengegesi engenambala ekushiseni kwegumbi. Isakhiwo sayo sama-molecule silula kodwa sinomsebenzi oyingqayizivele webhayoloji - singavimba ngokunembile ukudluliselwa kwezimpawu ze-ethylene ezitshalweni.

I-ethylene isebenza “njengomlawuli wokuvuthwa” wezithelo nemifino, isheshisa ukuthamba kwazo, ukushintsha kombala nokubola kwazo. Isakhiwo sama-molecule se-1-MCP sifana kakhulu nese-ethylene futhi singabopha kuma-receptor e-ethylene ebusweni bamaseli ezitshalo kusenesikhathi, sakhe “isimo esiqinile sokuvinjelwa”. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kufana nokubeka “isigqoko sokuphepha” ku-receptor ye-ethylene, kuvimbele i-ethylene yangempela ekudluliseni izimpawu zokuvuthwa futhi ngaleyo ndlela kubambezele inqubo yokuvuthwa kwezithelo nemifino.

Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuthi i-1-Methylcyclopropene 1-MCP inesici "sokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nomthamo ophansi". Idatha yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi ukuhlushwa kwe-microliter engu-0.1 kuya ku-1 kuphela ngelitha kungadala umphumela omkhulu wokulondolozwa kwezithelo nemifino eminingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonakala kalula endaweni yemvelo futhi ngeke ihlale enhlabathini noma emanzini isikhathi eside, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo eziluhlaza. Njengamanje, amazwe nezifunda ezingaphezu kuka-30 emhlabeni jikelele zivumile ukusetshenziswa kwayo emkhakheni wezolimo. I-China nayo iyifakile esigabeni sabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo abavunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ku-"Food Additive Use Standard".

Ukuguquguquka: “Umqaphi Wobusha” kusukela ensimini kuya etafuleni

Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, ukusetshenziswa kweImpuphu ye-1-MCPsebehlanganise lonke uchungechunge lokukhiqizwa kwezithelo nemifino, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa kanye nokuthengiswa, baba “umqaphi wokulondolozwa” obalulekile ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo.

Isigaba sokugcina: Yandisa isikhathi sokuvuselelwa futhi unciphise ukulahleka

Esikhathini esidlule, noma ngabe ama-apula ayegcinwa endaweni ebandayo ngemuva kokuvunwa, izinga lezithelo ezinhle lalizokwehla liye ku-70% ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili. Manje, ngokwelashwa kwe-1-MCP, izinga lezithelo ezinhle lisengagcinwa ku-92% ngemva kwezinyanga ezine. Ngokwezibalo, ngemuva kokuthi i-1-Methylcyclopropene isetshenziswe ezithelweni ze-pectin ezifana nama-apula namapheya, isikhathi sokugcina esimaphakathi sandiswa izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3, ​​kanti ukulahlekelwa konyaka kuncishiswa ngamathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu.

Isixhumanisi sezokuthutha: Dlula “imikhawulo yesikhathi nendawo” bese wandisa irediyasi yokuthengisa

Ngosizo lobuchwepheshe be-1-Methylcyclopropene 1-MCP, ama-mango e-cooperative angene ngempumelelo emakethe asenyakatho njengeHeilongjiang neJilin, ngokwanda kokuthengiswa kwaminyaka yonke okungu-40%. Emkhakheni wokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, indima ye-methylcyclopropene ibaluleke kakhulu. Lapho ama-cherry aseShayina ethunyelwa emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-1-MCP, isikhathi sokuphila seluliwe kusukela ezinsukwini ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-10, kanti isilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka somthamo wokuthumela kwamanye amazwe singama-25%.

Umkhakha Wokuthengisa: Gcina ubusha futhi uthuthukise ulwazi lwabathengi

Uma ungena esigabeni sezithelo nemifino esitolo esithile, i-kiwifruit, ama-strawberry, ama-avocado nezinye izithelo emashalofini konke kubhalwe ukuthi “1-MCP preservation treatment”. Izithelo nemifino ephathwa nge1-Methylcyclopropeneinesikhathi sokuphila esimaphakathi sokulinda esinwetshiwe ngezinsuku ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-7 futhi ingagcina ukunambitheka okuhle nokubukeka okuhle. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi imfucuza incishisiwe, kodwa abathengi bangathenga nama-strawberry amasha, kanti izinga lokuthenga kabusha likhuphuke ngo-18%.

Ikusasa liyathembisa: Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kwandisa imingcele yokusetshenziswa

Ngokuthuthuka kocwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko, izimo zokusetshenziswa kwe-1-MCP zisakhula njalo. Ngaphezu kwezithelo nemifino evamile, manje isisetshenziswe ngempumelelo emkhakheni wokulondolozwa kwezimbali. Lobu buchwepheshe bukhuthazwe ezinhlotsheni zezimbali ezisikiwe ezivamile njenge-carnations kanye ne-lilies, okunciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwezimbali ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa nokuthengiswa.

Okwamanje, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kanye nokulula kokusetshenziswa, le nkampani iphinde yethula izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo ye-1-MCP. Ngaphezu kwama-ejenti okukhishwa kwegesi avamile, imikhiqizo eqinile ekhishwa njalo kanye nemikhiqizo yamathebulethi iye yaba yinto evame kakhulu emakethe. Le mikhiqizo ayidingi imishini yobungcweti, futhi abalimi bangayisebenzisa kalula ekhaya.

1-Methylcyclopropeneakuyona nje into yokugcina izinto kodwa futhi “iyindlela yokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe” yokukhuthaza intuthuko yezolimo esezingeni eliphezulu. Esikhathini esizayo, ukukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe besicelo se-1-MCP kuzoqiniswa kakhulu, kuqondise amabhizinisi ukuthi abusebenzise ngendlela ejwayelekile, ukuze lobu “buchwepheshe bokulondoloza” bukwazi ukusiza kangcono ukwanda kwemali engenayo yabalimi, izinzuzo zabathengi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo.

Ingabe i-1-methylcyclopropene iphephile?

I-1-methylcyclopropene iyi-"code yokulondoloza" ephansi futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu. I-methylcyclopropene iyi-olefin encane ejikelezayo eyigesi engenambala ekamelweni lokushisa. Indlela yayo eyinhloko yokusebenza itholakala "ekuvimbeleni izimpawu ze-ethylene". Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ikhombisa ukuthi i-ethylene, njenge-"hormone yokuvuthwa" yezitshalo, ingasheshisa ukuvuthwa nokuthamba kwezithelo nemifino ngemuva kokuvuthwa. I-1-MCP ingabopha kuma-receptor e-ethylene kuqala futhi ivimbe izindawo isikhathi eside, ivimbele inqubo yokuvuthwa emthonjeni, okungandisa impilo yeshelufu yezithelo nemifino ngo-50% kuya ku-200%.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ukunakwa idatha yayo yokuphepha: ubuthi obukhulu bomlomo kanye nobe-transdermal LD50 bungaphezu kuka-5000mg/kg, okuhlangabezana nendinganiso yokuhlukaniswa "cishe engeyona enobuthi". Inani le-ADI (ukudla okwamukelekayo kwansuku zonke) lingu-0.0009mg/kg wesisindo somzimba. I-1-Methylcyclopropene ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa emazweni angaphezu kuka-30 okuhlanganisa iShayina, i-United States kanye neYurophu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi insalela ye-1-MCP ezithelweni nasemifino iphansi kakhulu futhi ibola kalula. Ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okuvamile, ayibeki usongo empilweni yabantu.

U-Unilong unguchwephesheAbahlinzeki be-1-methylcyclopropene. Ubumsulwa bempuphu ye-1-mcp esiyikhiqizayo bungafinyelela ku-3.7%. Kwaziwa kahle ukuthi indinganiso yemboni yobumsulwa be-1-mcp ingu-3.3%. Okwamanje, singanikeza ama-micro-doses namaphakheji amancane angu-0.035%. I-1-MCP iyi-molecule yegesi esetshenziswa emashalofini ezitolo ezinkulu noma emabhokisini ezithelo. Ngemva kokucutshungulwa, izonyamalala ngokuphelele futhi ingashiyi nsalela yamakhemikhali emikhiqizweni.​​​​​