izindaba

Ngokuqhubeka kwezikhathi, abantu banaka kakhulu ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kohlaza kwezimboni sekuyindlela entsha ehamba phambili. Ngakho-ke, izinto ze-biodegradable zibalulekile. Ngakho yiziphi izinto ezisekelwe ku-bio?

Izinto ezisekelwe ku-Biomass zibhekisela ezinsizakalweni ze-biomass ezivuselelekayo ezakhiwe nge-photosynthesis njengezisetshenziswa zokusetshenziswa, eziguqulwa zibe yimikhiqizo yebhayoloji ngobuchwepheshe bokuvutshelwa kwebhayoloji, bese zihlanzwa bese zenziwe i-polymer zibe izinto ze-polymer ezivumelana nemvelo. Izinto ezibolayo zingabola zibe yi-CO2 ne-H20 ngaphansi kwesenzo se-microbial noma izimo zokuvundisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezisekelwe ku-petroleum, izinto ezisekelwe ku-bio zinganciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngama-67%.

Ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okujwayelekile phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza amanye ama-polymer (kg imikhiqizo ye-CO2/kg):

Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, asikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki, kodwa sonke siyazi ukuthi ipulasitiki ayihambisani nemvelo futhi iwumkhiqizo oyinhloko "wemfucuza emhlophe". Nokho, imikhiqizo yepulasitiki ikhona yonke indawo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Ngenxa yalokho, amapulasitiki awonakaliswa kancane kancane abe umkhuba omusha.

Kuze kube manje, ososayensi benze umkhiqizo ongaboli kahle -i-polylactic acid. Le pulasitiki, eguqulwa ibe isitashi sezitshalo, inokubola okuhle kakhulu kwemvelo futhi ihambisana nemvelo ngenxa yenqubo yayo yokulungiselela eqeda izinto ezingavuthiwe ze-petrochemical. I-Polylactic acid (PLA) okwamanje ingenye yezinto ezibolayo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, ezithembisayo, futhi ezingabizi kakhulu.

Iyini i-PLA?

I-Poly (i-lactic acid), esifushanisiwe ngokuthiI-PLA, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polylactic acid,I-CAS 26100-51-6nomaI-CAS 26023-30-3. I-Polylactic acid yenziwe nge-biomass njengento eluhlaza, evela emvelweni futhi ingeyemvelo. Inqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-PLA imi kanje - osokhemisi bangakwazi ukuguqula kahle isitashi esikhishwe ezitshalweni ezifana nommbila sibe yi-LA ngokusebenzisa i-hydrolysis kanye nezinyathelo zokuvutshelwa kwe-microbial, futhi baphinde bayiguqule ibe yi-PLA ngokusebenzisa i-polymerization ye-condensation noma i-polymerization yokuvula indandatho, ukufeza "umlingo" wokuguqula izitshalo zibe amapulasitiki.

Yiziphi izici kanye nezinzuzo ze-polylactic acid?

Kuwohloka ngokuphelele

Ngaphansi kwesenzo sezinambuzane ezincane noma izimo zokuvundisa, kungehliswa ngokuphelele ku-CO2 ne-H2O, futhi izinga lokubola kwe-biodegradation elihlobene lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90% ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-180.

Izakhiwo ze-antibacterial zemvelo

Inamandla athile okuvimbela i-Candida albicans, i-Escherichia coli ne-Staphylococcus aureus.

I-Biocompatibility

I-lactic acid eluhlaza iyinto engapheli emzimbeni womuntu, futhi i-PLA iyimpahla yokufakelwa komuntu egunyazwe yi-FDA, esetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni wezokwelapha.

Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu

Izinga lokushisa lokucubungula i-PLA liyi-170 ~ 230 ℃, futhi izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokucubungula ezifana ne-extrusion, ukwelula, ukuphotha, ukuvunguza kwefilimu, ukubumba umjovo, ukubumba igalelo, kanye namabhamuza kungasetshenziswa ukubumba.

Ukungashi

Ayishi, enenkomba yokugcina komoyampilo ecishe ibe ngu-21%, intuthu ephansi, futhi ayikho intuthu emnyama.

Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivuselelekayo

Impahla eluhlaza ye-PLA ivela emithonjeni ye-biomass carbon eyakhiwe yi-photosynthesis.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kancane kancane kokuqwashisa kwabantu ngemvelo, amapulasitiki abolayo azothatha indawo yezinto ezingasetshenzisiwe ze-petrochemical. Ebhekene nokwamukelwa okwandayo kwamapulasitiki abolayo emphakathini,I-PLAizofinyelela ukungena kwezinye izinkambu ezingaphansi komfula ngokuzayo.