UJulayi uyisiqongo sehlobo, futhi ngesikhathi sasehlobo esishisayo nesinomswakama, ukudla kungaba yindawo evundile yamagciwane nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ikakhulukazi izithelo nemifino, uma izithelo nemifino esanda kuthengwa ingagcinwa esiqandisini, ingagcinwa usuku olulodwa kuphela. Futhi njalo ehlobo, kunezimo eziningi zohudo ezibangelwa "ukudla kabi", kokubili abantu abadala nezingane, ngokuvamile eziphambaniswa nokudla "okubandayo". Eqinisweni, ukudla noma iziphuzo ezishisayo eziphansi empeleni kubangela abanye abangane ukuba babe ne-peristalsis yamathumbu esheshayo, kodwa ngokuvamile akubangeli abantu ukuba bagijimele endlini yangasese izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. Ngakho-ke kuleli qophelo, into yokuqala okufanele icatshangelwe ukutheleleka kwamathumbu okubangelwa ukuhlanzeka kokudla. Ingabe ukudla okudliwayo kuyabola futhi kuyabola? Ngakho-ke singazidla kanjani izithelo nemifino emisha ehlobo elishisayo?
Kuleli qophelo, into yokuqala esicabanga ngayo ukugcina esiqandisini. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo eziningi zokudla neziphuzo ezigcinwe eziqandisini, phakathi kwazo kukhona ukudla okuningi "okufaka amagciwane" eziqandisini, njengamaqanda angase athwale i-salmonella, kanye nenyama eluhlaza, izithelo nemifino engase ithwale i-Escherichia coli ebangela izifo, i-Staphylococcus aureus ebangela izifo kanye nezinambuzane. Futhi isiqandisini sinokuphila kwesikhathi sokugcina. Ngokuvamile, ukudla okuthatha izinsuku ezingu-2-3 kumele kudliwe, kungenjalo kuzobola esiqandisini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiqandisini sinendawo ethile yokugcina, esetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa ekhaya kuphela. Uma kuyisitolo esikhulu, singakugcina kanjani ukudla kusha kubathengisi esibathengayo?
Ngokuthuthuka komnotho womhlaba wonke, ukungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwezithelo nemifino sekuyinto evamile. Njengoba sibhekene nalesi simo, kufanele sifunde uhlobo olusha lwesilondolozi — isilondolozi sezithelo nemifino esingu-1-MCP. Lapho umkhiqizo usuthuthukisiwe, wathola impendulo ephezulu. Ngoba lokhu kuyisitoreji esingenabo ubuthi, esiphephile kakhulu, futhi esisebenza kahle kakhulu. Okulandelayo, ake sixoxe ngezithako zesilondolozi sezithelo nemifino esingu-1-MCP.
Kuyini i-1-Methylcyclopropene?
1-Methylcyclopropene, efushanisiwe ngokuthi i-1-MCP ngesiNgisi,I-CAS 3100-04-7Ifomula yamakhemikhali yi-C4H6. Ngaphansi kokushisa okuvamile kanye nengcindezi, ukubukeka kwayo akunambala, akunabo ubuthi futhi akunambitheki, kunamandla angu-0.838g/cm3. Kuyinhlanganisela ye-Cyclopropene esebenza kakhulu. I-1-Methyl Cyclopropene isetshenziswa kakhulu njengomlawuli wokukhula kwezitshalo futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokulondolozwa kwezitshalo. Inezinzuzo zokusetshenziswa okuphansi, umphumela omuhle wokulondolozwa kanye nokuphepha okuphezulu.
Izici ze-1-MCP
I-1-MCP ingavimbela ukukhishwa kwe-ethylene yizitshalo ngokwazo, futhi ivimbele ukubopha kwe-ethylene kuma-receptor ahlobene kumaseli ezitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele umphumela wokuvuthwa kwe-ethylene. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-1-Methylcyclopene kungandisa ngempumelelo inqubo yokuvuthwa nokuguga kwezitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isikhathi sazo sokuphila eshalofini, kuncishiswe ukonakala kanye nokulahlwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa nokugcinwa, futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila eshalofini sezimpahla.
Izicelo ze-1-MCP
1-MCPingafakwa ekulondolozweni kwezithelo, imifino, nezimbali ukuvimbela ukubuna kwezitshalo. Isibonelo, uma isetshenziswa ezithelweni nasemifino efana nama-apula, amapheya, ama-plum, ama-kiwifruit, notamatisi, ingabambezela ukuvuthwa kwazo, inciphise ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, futhi igcine ubulukhuni bazo, ukunambitheka, kanye nokwakheka kokudla okunempilo; Ngokuphathelene nokulondolozwa kwezimbali, ingagcina umbala kanye nephunga lezimbali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-1-Methylcyclopene ingathuthukisa nokumelana nezifo zezitshalo.1-Methylcyclopenekuyingqophamlando entsha ekulondolozweni kwezithelo nemifino ngemva kokulondolozwa komoya okushintshiwe.
Ngemva kwalolu bhubhane, umnotho wasimama, futhi intuthuko yokuhweba komhlaba wonke yayanda kancane kancane. Njalo ngonyaka, izwe ngalinye lalikhiqiza inani elikhulu lezithelo nemifino emisha yendawo. Ngenxa yentuthuko engaphelele yezinhlelo zokuthutha zezolimo ezibandayo, cishe ama-85% ezithelo nemifino asebenzisa izinhlelo zokuthutha ezivamile, okwaholela enanini elikhulu lokulahlekelwa ukubola, okwanikeza nendawo enkulu yemakethe yokukhuthaza nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuthutha.I-1-methyl CyclopropeneNgakho-ke, kungabonakala ukuthi i-1-MCP inamathemba amakhulu entuthuko, hhayi nje kuphela ezithelo nemifino ehlukahlukene yokuphefumula, kodwa futhi inganweba ngempumelelo isitoreji kanye nokuphila kwayo eshalofini ngemva kokuvuna, ikakhulukazi izithelo nemifino ezwela i-ethylene, futhi ingagcina ikhwalithi yokuqala yezithelo nemifino isikhathi eside.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-06-2023