izindaba

Ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, abantu banaka kakhulu ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, futhi intuthuko eluhlaza yezimboni isibe yindlela entsha ehamba phambili. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezibolayo zibalulekile. Ngakho-ke ziyini izinto ezisekelwe ku-bio?

Izinto ezisekelwe ku-bio zibhekisela ezinsizeni ze-biomass ezivuselelekayo ezakhiwe nge-photosynthesis njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, eziguqulwa zibe imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuvutshelwa kwezinto eziphilayo, bese zihlanzwa futhi zenziwe i-polymer zibe izinto eziphilayo ezinobungani nemvelo ze-polymer. Izinto ezibolayo zingabola zibe yi-CO2 kanye ne-H20 ngaphansi kwesenzo samagciwane noma izimo zokufaka umquba. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezisekelwe ku-petroleum, izinto ezisekelwe ku-bio zinganciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-67.

Ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuvamile phakathi nenqubo yonke yokukhiqiza kwamanye ama-polymer (imikhiqizo ye-CO2/kg kg):

Empilweni yansuku zonke, asikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki, kodwa sonke siyazi ukuthi ipulasitiki ayinabungozi emvelweni futhi ingumkhiqizo oyinhloko “wemfucuza emhlophe”. Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo yepulasitiki itholakala yonke indawo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Ngenxa yalokho, ipulasitiki eyonakalayo iye yaba umkhuba omusha kancane kancane.

Ngenxa yalokhu, ososayensi bathuthukise umkhiqizo obolayo –i-polylactic acid. Le pulasitiki, eguqulwa kusuka kusitashi sezitshalo, inokubola okuhle kakhulu futhi inobungani nemvelo ngenxa yenqubo yayo yokulungiselela eqeda izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-petrochemical ezinobungani nemvelo. I-Polylactic acid (PLA) okwamanje ingenye yezinto ezibola kakhulu, ezithembisayo, futhi ezingabizi kakhulu.

Kuyini i-PLA?

I-Poly (i-lactic acid), okufingqiwe ngokuthiI-PLA, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polylactic acid,I-CAS 26100-51-6nomaI-CAS 26023-30-3I-polylactic acid yenziwa nge-biomass njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ezivela emvelweni futhi eziyingxenye yemvelo. Inqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-PLA imi kanje – osokhemisi bangaguqula ngempumelelo isitashi esikhishwe ezitshalweni ezifana nommbila sibe yi-LA ngezinyathelo ze-hydrolysis kanye nokubiliswa kwamagciwane, bese besiguqula sibe yi-PLA nge-condensation polymerization noma i-ring opening polymerization, bafeze “umlingo” wokuguqula izitshalo zibe yipulasitiki.

Yiziphi izici nezinzuzo ze-polylactic acid?

Kungonakaliswa ngokuphelele

Ngaphansi kwesenzo sezinto ezincane noma izimo zomquba, ingabola ngokuphelele ibe yi-CO2 kanye ne-H2O, futhi izinga lokubola kwe-biogradation lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-90% ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-180.

Izakhiwo zemvelo zokulwa namagciwane

Inekhono elithile lokuvimbela i-Candida albicans, i-Escherichia coli kanye ne-Staphylococcus aureus.

Ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo

I-lactic acid yezinto ezingavuthiwe iyinto engokwemvelo emzimbeni womuntu, kanti i-PLA iyinto yokufakelwa komuntu eqinisekiswe yi-FDA, esetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni wezokwelapha.

Ukucutshungulwa okuhle kakhulu

Izinga lokushisa lokucubungula i-PLA lingu-170 ~ 230 ℃, futhi izindlela ezahlukene zokucubungula ezifana nokukhipha, ukwelula, ukuphotha, ukufutha ifilimu, ukubumba ngomjovo, ukubumba ngokuqhuma, kanye nokuqhumisa zingasetshenziswa ekubumbeni.

Ukungashi

Ayishisi, inenkomba ephezulu ye-oxygen engaba ngu-21%, ukukhiqizwa kwentuthu okuphansi, futhi ayinantuthu emnyama.

Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivuselelekayo

Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-PLA zivela emithonjeni yekhabhoni ye-biomass eyakhiwe yi-photosynthesis.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kancane kancane kokuqwashisa kwabantu ngemvelo, amapulasitiki abolayo azothatha indawo yezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-petrochemical ezingayinaki imvelo. Njengoba bebhekene nokwamukelwa okwandayo kwamapulasitiki abolayo ngumphakathi,I-PLAkuzofinyelela ukungena emasimini amaningi angezansi esikhathini esizayo.