izindaba

Kuyini i-Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)?

I-Polyvinylpyrrolidone, okufingqiwe ngokuthi i-PVP. Isetshenziswa njengesithasiselo, isithasiselo, kanye nesithasiselo emikhakheni eminingi efana nemithi, indwangu, amakhemikhali, iziphuzo, kanye namakhemikhali ansuku zonke. Ngokwezidingo zomkhiqizo, i-PVP ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezine: ibanga lezimboni, ibanga lezimonyo, ibanga lokudla, kanye nebanga lemithi. Ama-homopolymer, ama-copolymer, kanye nemikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-polymer exhunywe nge-cross-linked enesisindo sama-molecule esisukela ezinkulungwaneni kuya ngaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa isetshenziswe kabanzi ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle neziyingqayizivele.

I-PVP ihlukaniswe ngamazinga amane ngokusekelwe esisindweni sayo sama-molecule esimaphakathi, futhi ivame ukumelwa ngamanani e-K. Amanani e-K ahlukene amelela ububanzi obuhambisanayo besisindo sama-molecule esimaphakathi se-PVP. Inani le-K empeleni liyinani eliyisici elihlobene ne-viscosity ehlobene nesisombululo samanzi se-PVP, kanti i-viscosity iyinani elibonakalayo elihlobene nesisindo sama-molecule sama-polymer. Ngakho-ke, inani le-K lingasetshenziswa ukuchaza isisindo sama-molecule esimaphakathi se-PVP. Ngokuvamile, lapho inani le-K likhulu, i-viscosity yayo iyanda futhi ukunamathela kwayo kuqine. Izinhlobo zomkhiqizo oyinhloko kanye nezincazelo ze-PVP zingahlukaniswa ngamazinga e-viscosity e-K-15, K17, K25, K-30, K60, kanye ne-K-90 ngokusekelwe esisindweni sama-molecule.

I-UNILONG INDUSTRY ingahlinzeka ngalokhu okulandelayoI-PVP-Kimikhiqizo yochungechunge:

I-PVP, njengenhlanganisela ye-polymer encibilika emanzini yokwenziwa, inezakhiwo ezijwayelekile zamakhemikhali e-polymer encibilika emanzini, okuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwe-colloid, ukwakheka kwefilimu, ukubopha, ukumuncwa komswakama, ukuncibilika noma ukuhlangana. Kodwa-ke, isici sayo esivelele kakhulu ukuncibilika kwayo okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuhambisana komzimba, okudonsele ukunaka. Kuma-polymer okwenziwa, i-PVP, encibilika emanzini kanye nasezithambisweni eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, inobuthi obuphansi, kanye nokuhambisana okuhle komzimba, ayivamile ukubonakala, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni ehlobene eduze nempilo yabantu njengemithi, ukudla, kanye nezimonyo. Okulandelayo yisingeniso esithile ezindaweni zayo zokusetshenziswa:

Emkhakheni wezimonyo zansuku zonke

Ezimonyweni zansuku zonke, i-PVP kanye ne-copolymer zinokwakheka okuhle kokuhlakazeka kanye nokwakha ifilimu. I-PVP ingavikela i-colloid ku-lotion, futhi ingasetshenziswa kuma-creams anamafutha nangenawo amafutha, njenge-liquid setting, i-hair spray kanye ne-mousse setting agent, i-hair conditioner, i-shampoo foam stabilizer, i-wave setting agent, kanye ne-hair dye dispersant kanye ne-affinity agent. Ukwengeza i-PVP ku-snow cream, i-sunscreen, kanye nama-agent okususa izinwele kungathuthukisa imiphumela yokumanzisa kanye nokugcoba.

Insimu yokuwasha

I-PVP inezakhiwo zokulwa nokungcola kanye nokubuyisela imvula futhi ingasetshenziswa ukulungiselela uketshezi olubonakalayo noma izihlanzi ezisindayo zokungcola. Ukwengeza i-PVP ezihlanzini kunomphumela omuhle wokulwa nokushintsha kombala futhi kungathuthukisa ikhono lokuhlanza. Uma ugeza izindwangu, kungavimbela izihlanzi zokwenziwa ekucasuleni isikhumba, ikakhulukazi imicu yokwenziwa. Lokhu kusebenza kuvelele kakhulu kunezihlanzi ze-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). I-PVP ingahlanganiswa ne-borax njengesithako esisebenzayo ekwakhiweni kwezinto zokuhlanza ezibulala amagciwane ze-phenolic. Isihlanzi esakhiwe yi-PVP kanye ne-hydrogen peroxide sinomsebenzi wokumhlopheza nokubulala amagciwane.

Ukunyathelisa nokufaka udayi ezindwangu

I-PVP ihambisana kahle namadayi amaningi e-organic futhi ingahlanganiswa nemicu yokwenziwa e-hydrophobic njenge-polyacrylonitrile, ama-ester, i-nylon, nezinto ezi-fibrous ukuthuthukisa amandla okudaya kanye nokuphiliza kwamanzi. Ngemva kwe-PVP kanye ne-nylon grafting copolymerization, indwangu ekhiqiziwe yathuthukisa ukumelana kwayo nomswakama kanye nokumelana nomswakama.

Izembozo kanye nemibala

Upende kanye nezingubo ezimbozwe nge-PVP zibonakala ngaphandle kokuthinta umbala wazo wemvelo, zithuthukisa ukucwebezela kanye nokuhlakazeka kwezingubo kanye nemibala, zithuthukisa ukuzinza kokushisa, futhi zithuthukisa ukuhlakazeka kwe-inki kanye ne-ink.

Insimu yezokwelapha

I-PVP inokungasebenzi kahle komzimba okuhle kakhulu, ayihlanganyeli ekusetshenzisweni kwe-metabolism yomuntu, futhi ihambisana kahle kakhulu ne-bio, engabangeli ukucasuka esikhumbeni, emathunjini, emehlweni, njll. I-PVP yezinga lezokwelapha ingenye yezinto ezintathu ezinkulu ezisetshenziswa emithini ezikhuthazwa emhlabeni jikelele, ezingasetshenziswa njengesihlanganisi samathebulethi nama-granule, isithambisi esihlanganisiwe sokujova, kanye nosizo lokugeleza kwama-capsule; Ama-Detoxifier, izandisi, izinto zokugcoba kanye nezinto ezakha ifilimu zamaconsi amehlo, ama-dispersants ezinto eziwuketshezi, ama-stabilizer ama-enzyme nemithi ezwela ukushisa, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengezilondolozi ezisezingeni eliphansi lokushisa. Isetshenziselwa amalensi okuxhumana ukwandisa ukuqina kwawo kwamanzi kanye nokuthamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PVP ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-ejenti yombala kanye ne-X-ray contrast; Ingasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zemithi efana namathebulethi, ama-granule, namanzi. Ine-detoxification, i-hemostasis, ukwanda kokuhlushwa kokuncibilika, ukuvimbela ukunamathela kwe-peritoneal, kanye nokukhuthaza izinga lokuthuthwa kwe-erythrocyte. I-PVP K30 yethulwe ngokusemthethweni ngemvume yomnyango kazwelonke wokulawula imithi.

Ukucubungula ukudla

I-PVP ngokwayo ayibangeli umdlavuza futhi inokuphepha okuhle kokudla. Ingakha ama-complexes anamakhemikhali athile e-polyphenolic (njenge-tannins) futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-ejenti yokucacisa nokuzinzisa ekucutshungulweni kokudla, njengobhiya, ijusi yezithelo, kanye newayini. I-PVP ingakha ama-complexes anamakhemikhali athile e-polyphenolic (njenge-tannins), adlala indima yokucacisa kanye ne-anticoagulant eziphuzweni zejusi yezithelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-PVP exhunywe kubhiya naseziphuzweni zetiye kusakazeke kakhulu. Izinto ze-polyphenolic kubhiya zingabophana namaprotheni kubhiya ukuze zakhe ama-tannin macromolecular complexes, athinta kakhulu ukunambitheka kwebhiya futhi anciphise isikhathi sayo sokuphumula. I-crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPP) ingaxubana ne-tannic acid kanye nama-anthocyanins kubhiya, ngaleyo ndlela icacise ibhiya, ithuthukise ukuzinza kwayo kokugcina, futhi yandise isikhathi sayo sokuphumula. Eziphuzweni zetiye, ukusetshenziswa kwe-PVPP kunganciphisa ngokufanele okuqukethwe kwama-polyphenols etiye, futhi i-PVPP ayihlali eziphuzweni zetiye, okwenza isetshenziswe kabusha futhi inciphise kakhulu izindleko.

Izindawo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwe-PVP okwamanje zigxile embonini yamakhemikhali nemithi yansuku zonke, futhi ukukhula kwalezi zimboni ezimbili kuzoqhubeka nokuqhuba isidingo esikhulu sokusetshenziswa kwe-PVP esikhathini esizayo. Emkhakheni osafufusa we-PVP, embonini yamabhethri e-lithium, i-PVP ingasetshenziswa njengesihlanzisi sama-electrode ebhethri le-lithium kanye nosizo lokucubungula izinto eziqhubayo; Emkhakheni we-photovoltaic, i-PVP ingasetshenziswa njengesihlanzisisi ukukhiqiza i-powder yesiliva eyindilinga yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-electrode enhle yesiliva, i-powder yesiliva efana neshidi ye-electrode engemihle yesiliva, kanye nezinhlayiya zesiliva ze-nano. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesilinganiso sokungena kwebhethri le-lithium kanye nokwanda kwamandla afakiwe e-photovoltaic, lezi zinsimu ezimbili ezisafufusa zizothuthukisa kakhulu isidingo se-PVP.

I-Unilong ingumhlinzeki ochwepheshe, futhiUchungechunge lwe-PVPisithuthukiswe futhi yakhiqizwa iminyaka eyishumi. Ngenxa yezinguquko emakethe, ukunikezwa kwemikhiqizo ye-PVP kuyantuleka. Njengamanje, senezele eminye imigqa emibili yokukhiqiza, enokunikezwa okwanele kanye namanani amahle. Sicela uzizwe ukhululekile ukubuza.