izindaba

I. Ukusebenza Okungalingani Nokusebenza Kokulwa Namagciwane Okubanzi

I-5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT), enefomula yama-molecule i-C₄H₄ClNOS kanye nesisindo sama-molecule esingu-149.6, imele njengenye yamakhemikhali e-isothiazolinone aqashelwa kakhulu futhi athembekile embonini yokulondolozwa komhlaba wonke. Ibonisa isilinganiso se-Book Index esingu-10—isilinganiso esiphezulu sokuphepha nokuthembeka—I-CMITisizimise njengesisekelo sokuvikelwa kwamagciwane kwanamuhla kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezahlukene zezicelo zezimboni.

Ekuqaleni yasungulwa futhi yathengiswa yiRohm noHaas ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elidumile iKathon™, i-CMIT ivame ukusetshenziswa njengengxenye ebalulekile yengxube ye-3:1 ehambisanayo ne-Methylisothiazolinone (MIT). Le nhlanganisela enamandla ibhekwa njengenye ye-biocides ebanzi engabizi kakhulu futhi esebenza kahle etholakala emakethe yomhlaba wonke. I-CMIT idunyiswa ngomsebenzi wayo oyingqayizivele we-broad-spectrum, ivimbela ngempumelelo ukukhula kwamagciwane (kokubili i-Gram-positive ne-negative), isikhunta, imvubelo, kanye ne-algae. Indlela esebenza ngayo amandla ayo isesigabeni sayo se-sulfur esisebenzayo, esifaka i-oxidizes izinsalela eziqukethe i-thiol ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana e-microbial, siphazamise amaprotheni nama-enzyme awo futhi ekugcineni siholele ekufeni okusheshayo kwamangqamuzana. Lokhu kusabela kwe-electrophilic kuhlose izindlela ezibalulekile ze-metabolic, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-microorganisms awakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukumelana okusheshayo - inzuzo enkulu kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamakhemikhali okugcina. Uma kugxilwe ku-150 ppm, kungacindezela ngokuphelele ukukhula kwamagciwane, futhi ku-125 ppm, kuvimbela ngokuphelele imvubelo kanye nesikhunta, kuqinisekisa ukuzinza komkhiqizo kanye nokuphepha ngesikhathi sokugcina nokusetshenziswa.

II. Izicelo Zezimboni Eziguquguqukayo Kuzo Zonke Imikhakha Ebalulekile

Usizo lwe5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-oneisabalala kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene, ihlinzeka ngokulondolozwa okubalulekile ezindaweni ezinzima lapho ukungcoliswa kwamagciwane kubeka khona izingozi ezinkulu kokubili ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza.

Ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi ezimbonini, i-CMIT isetshenziswa kabanzi emanzini apholile ajikelezayo, ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi angcolile, nasezinhlelweni zamanzi zokucubungula ukulawula ukukhula kwamagciwane nokuvimbela ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo. Ama-biofilms anganciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa futhi asheshise ukugqwala emapayipini nasemishinini. Ngokususa ngempumelelo le miphakathi yamagciwane, i-CMIT iqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphila isikhathi eside kwengqalasizinda yezimboni eyinkimbinkimbi, inciphisa izindleko zokulungisa kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi. Ngaphakathi kwemboni yokugqoka,I-CMITkuyingxenye ebalulekile yokulondolozwa ngaphakathi kwebhodlela, ukuvikela upende olusekelwe emanzini, ama-emulsion, kanye nezinamathiselo ekonakaleni kwamagciwane ngesikhathi sokugcina. Ngaphandle kokulondolozwa okwanele, le mikhiqizo isengozini yokukhula kwamagciwane kanye nesikhunta okubangela iphunga, izinguquko ze-viscosity, kanye nokwehluleka komkhiqizo ekugcineni. Umkhakha kawoyela negesi uthembele ku-CMIT ukulwa nokungcola kwamagciwane oketshezini lokumba kanye nezinhlelo zensimu kawoyela. Amagciwane anciphisa i-sulfate angakhiqiza i-hydrogen sulfide, okuholela ekungcoleni kwamachibi kanye nokugqwala okukhulu kwemishini yensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho,I-CMITisebenza njengesivikelo esisebenzayo ezinhlotsheni zokuhlanza, izinsipho zezitsha, kanye nezinye izinto zokuhlanza zasekhaya, ivimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane angase abeke engcupheni ubuqotho bomkhiqizo.

III. Indima Ebalulekile Ekunakekelweni Komuntu Siqu Ngemikhawulo Eqinile Yokulawula

NgesikhathiI-CMITiyi-biocide ephumelela kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekunakekelweni komuntu siqu kungaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile ngenxa yamandla ayo okuzwela aziwayo. Embonini yezimonyo, ivame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yokuhlanza njengama-shampoo, ama-conditioner, kanye nokugeza umzimba, lapho isenzo sayo esinamandla sokulondoloza sisiza ukugcina ubuqotho bomkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlelo lokusebenza ludinga ukunemba, njengoba i-CMIT iyi-sensitizer yesikhumba eyaziwayo engabangela i-allergy contact dermatitis kubantu abasengozini.

Ngaphansi kwe-Cosmetic Safety Technical Specification (Uhlelo luka-2015), ingxube ye-CMIT/MIT engu-3:1 ivunyelwe kuphela emikhiqizweni yezimonyo yokuhlanza ekugxilweni okuphezulu okungu-0.0015% (15 ppm). Leli zinga lokusetshenziswa eliphansi kakhulu libonisa amandla amangalisayo ale nhlanganisela—ngisho noma ekugxilweni okuncane kangaka, inikeza ukulondolozwa okwanele ngokumelene nobubanzi obuhlukahlukene bokungcola. Ukudlula lo mkhawulo kubeka izingozi ezinkulu zempilo, okuhlanganisa ukubomvu kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, ukuqubuka, kanye nokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba. Izenzo zomthetho zakamuva ezindaweni ezahlukene ziqokomisa ukubaluleka kokunamathela ngokuqinile kulezi ziqondiso zokuphepha. Abakhiqizi kumele bagcine izinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi eqinile, izinhlelo zokulinganisa eziqondile, kanye nokuhlolwa okuphelele kwezithako ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabathengi ngenkathi besebenzisa amandla ayo okugcina akhethekile.

IV. Izinzuzo Zokuzinza, Ukuhambisana, kanye Nokwakheka

Ngaphandle kwesenzo sayo esinamandla sokulwa namagciwane,I-CMITinikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile ngokombono wokwakheka. I-CMIT ikhombisa ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kuzo zonke izimo ze-pH ezahlukahlukene, ivame ukugcina ukusebenza kwayo phakathi kwe-pH 2 no-9, okwenza ifaneleke ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zemikhiqizo kusukela ekuhlanzeni okune-acidic kuya kuma-emulsion angathathi hlangothi kanye noketshezi lwezimboni olune-alkaline kancane. Ukuzinza kwayo kokushisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlala isebenza ngisho nasezindaweni zokucubungula lapho kuhlangana khona amazinga okushisa aphezulu.

I-CMITfuthi kubonisa ukuhambisana okuvelele nezithako zokwakheka ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ama-surfactant angewona ama-ionic, ama-anionic, nama-amphoteric, kanye nama-polymer ahlukahlukene, ama-thickeners, nama-emulsifier. Lokhu kuhambisana kunciphisa ingozi yokusebenzisana okungafuneki okungaholela ekungazinzini kokwakheka noma ukuncipha kokusebenza kokulondolozwa. Ngokungafani nezinye izilondolozi zendabuko ezingase zisabelane nezinye izingxenye ukuze zakhe ama-precipitate, i-CMIT ihlangana kalula nezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni izakhiwo zobuhle ezifana nombala, iphunga, noma ukuthungwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CMIT ayifaki isandla ekukhishweni kwe-formaldehyde noma iqukethe izinyibilikisi ze-halogenated, okwenza kube inketho eyamukelekayo kakhulu emvelweni uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye ubuchwepheshe bokulondolozwa obudala.

 V.Indima Ebalulekile ye-CMIT Ezinhlelweni Zokulondolozwa Zanamuhla

Naphezu kwemingcele yokulawula ezungeze ukusetshenziswa kwayo,I-CMITisalokhu iyithuluzi elibalulekile kakhulu ezikhalini ze-formulator. Ukusebenza kwayo kahle kwezindleko okungenakuqhathaniswa—ukufinyelela ukulondolozwa okunamandla ngamanani aphansi kakhulu—kwenza kube okonga kakhulu kunezinye izilondolozi eziningi ezidinga amazinga aphezulu okulinganisa. Izinga layo lokubulala ngokushesha lihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okusheshayo emicimbini yokungcola, okubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zokukhiqiza lapho amaqoqo emikhiqizo esengozini ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kanye nezigaba zokupakisha. Umsebenzi wayo obanzi uqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okuphelele ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezivame ukusongela imikhiqizo yezimboni, okwenza kube lula amasu okulondoloza.

Ngibheke phambili,Ama-CMITIndima ekulondolozweni kwezimboni kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke, ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni okungezona izimonyo lapho ukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kanye nezinzuzo zezindleko zihlala zingalingani. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo ngobuchwepheshe obusha bokwenza kanye nezinhlelo zokulethwa kokuvikela lungathuthukisa kakhulu iphrofayili yalo yokuphepha, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwalo okuqhubekayo ngenkathi kuxazululwa izinkinga zezempilo nezemvelo ezivelayo. Njengoba imboni yokulondolozwa ithuthuka iye ezixazululweni ezihlala isikhathi eside, i-CMIT cishe izogcina isikhundla sayo njenge-ejenti eyisisekelo yokulwa namagciwane—elinganisela ukusebenza kahle okumangalisayo nokuzibophezela okujulile ekuphepheni nasekuthwaleni umthwalo wemfanelo wokulawula.