izindaba

Ⅰ. Ulwazi Oluyisisekelo

I-Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride, ebizwa ngokuthi i-DDAC, enenombolo ye-CAS engu-7173-51-5, iyi-surfactant yesizukulwane sesithathu esebenza kahle kakhulu ye-quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali ezisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokubulala amagciwane, yokulwa nokugqwala kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi.

Ihlukile emikhiqizweni yendabuko ye-quaternary ammonium ye-single-chain, i-DDAC inesakhiwo esizinzile kakhulu sama-molecule, izakhiwo zomzimba nezimakhemikhali ezithambile kanye nokusebenza kahle kakhulu kokusetshenziswa, ithatha isikhundla esibalulekile emakethe yezinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali aluhlaza. Ekuthengiselaneni okujwayelekile kwemakethe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimboni, incazelo evamile ye-DDAC ingu-80% wesisombululo samanzi sokuqukethwe. Le DDAC ejwayelekile inezinga eliphezulu lezithako ezisebenzayo, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile kanye nokusetshenziswa okulula, okungazivumelanisa ngqo nokubulala amagciwane ezimbonini eziningi, ukwelashwa kwamanzi kanye nezimo zokulwa nokugqwala, futhi iyincazelo ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-DDAC. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokusetshenziswa ezihlukanisiwe nezicwengisisiwe zezimboni ezahlukene, i-DDAC isekela ukukhiqizwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso kwemininingwane yokuqukethwe engu-50%.

IOkuqukethwe okungu-50% kwe-DDACinokusebenza okungcono kokuncibilika kwamanzi kanye nokusebenza kokuncibilika, okufanelekela ukubulala amagciwane okulula, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo yomphakathi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo okuphansi kokugxilisa, okugwema ngempumelelo imfucuza yezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokuncipha kokusebenza okubangelwa ukugxilisa ngokweqile. Emazingeni okushisa egumbi, i-DDAC ibonakala njengoketshezi olukhanyayo olungenambala kuya koluphuzi olukhanyayo olungenaphunga elibi, ukuncibilika kwamanzi okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kokugcina. I-DDAC ayiguquguquki futhi ayiboli ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ezivamile, ngokuphepha okuphezulu nokuzinza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-DDAC ayinazo izinsimbi ezisindayo futhi ayinayo insalela yobuthi ngemva kokusetshenziswa. Izici zayo ezinobungani nemvelo kanye nezinga eliphansi lekhabhoni zihambisana ngokugcwele nomkhiqizo oluhlaza womhlaba wonke kanye nemibono yokuthuthukiswa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo okuhlanzekile, okubeka isisekelo esiqinile sokusetshenziswa okukhulu nokujwayelekile kwe-DDAC emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.

Ⅱ. Imisebenzi Eyinhloko

I-DDACihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi eyinhloko njengokubulala amagciwane okubanzi, i-bacteriostasis yesikhathi eside, ukususwa kwe-biofilm, ukuvimbela isikhunta kanye nokuguqulwa kwendawo, kanye nezinzuzo zayo zokusebenza okunezilinganiso eziningi kwenza i-DDAC ibe yinto eluhlaza esebenzayo enezici eziningi engenakushintshwa emasimini ezimboni kanye nawomphakathi.

Okokuqala, i-DDAC inamandla amahle kakhulu okubulala amagciwane kanye nokubulala amagciwane. Ingabulala futhi ivimbele ngempumelelo amabhaktheriya ane-gram-positive, amabhaktheriya ane-gram-negative, isikhunta, ulwelwe kanye namagciwane ahlukahlukene ambozwe. Isakhiwo sama-molecule esiyingqayizivele se-DDAC esingamaketanga amabili singamunca ngokushesha ebusweni be-microbial cell membranes, sibhubhise isakhiwo se-cell membranes, sivimbele i-metabolism ye-microbial kanye nokuzala, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kahle kwe-sterilization kuphakeme kakhulu kunokwemikhiqizo yendabuko ye-single-chain ammonium.

Ezimweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi ezimbonini, i-DDAC ingaqeda ngempumelelo i-legionella, amabhaktheriya anciphisa i-sulfate kanye namanye ama-microorganism ayingozi emanzini ajikelezayo kanye nezinhlelo zokupholisa imibhoshongo. Uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe oluqukethe i-20ppm DDAC lungafinyelela izinga lokubulala amagciwane elingaphezu kuka-99.99% futhi lugcine umphumela oqhubekayo wamahora angu-48 we-bacteriostatic. Okwamanje, i-50ppm DDAC ingasusa ngempumelelo i-biofilm odongeni lwangaphakathi lwamapayipi ezimboni, inciphise ukujiya kwe-biofilm ngo-92% futhi ixazulule izinkinga ezivamile zezimboni zokwanda kwamagciwane kanye nokuvaleka kodaka lwamapayipi.

Okwesibili, i-DDAC inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokulwa nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Ingathatha indawo yendabuko equkethe i-arsenic eningi kanye ne-chromium equkethe ama-anti-corrosion agents. I-DDAC ingasetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni ukhuni, izembozo kanye ne-pulp elwa nokugqwala, ivimbela ngempumelelo ukuguguleka kwamagciwane okukhunta nokubola futhi yandise impilo yenkonzo yezinto zokwakha, ihlangabezane nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke zokuvikela imvelo njenge-EU EN 350.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-DDAC inomsebenzi omuhle wobuso, ubumnene kanye nezakhiwo zokumelana nokushintshashintsha kwesimo sezulu. I-DDAC ingamuncwa ebusweni bemicu nezinto ze-resin ukunciphisa i-friction coefficient kanye nokuqongelela kwesimo sezulu, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi njengesithambisi kanye ne-antistatic agent embonini yezindwangu ezilula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-DDAC inokuhambisana okuqinile, okungahlanganiswa nezinsizakusebenza ezingezona i-ionic kanye ne-cationic ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokubambisana imiphumela yokubulala amagciwane kanye nokulwa nokugqwala. Uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-DDAC lusebenza kahle ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa kanye nokwehluleka, okwandisa ububanzi bokusebenza kwe-DDAC.

Ⅲ. Amathemba Okufaka Isicelo

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezindinganiso zokuvikela imvelo zomhlaba wonke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi kanye nokuthuthuka komkhiqizo wezimboni, isidingo semakethe sezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezinobuthi obuphansi futhi ezinobungani nemvelo kanye nezokulwa nokugqwala sikhula njalo. Njengomkhiqizo ojwayelekile we-quaternary ammonium oluhlaza futhi osebenza kahle,I-DDACinezinzuzo eziningi kakhulu zokusebenzisa emakethe.

Emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamanzi ezimbonini, i-DDAC isebenza njenge-ejenti eyinhloko yokubulala amagciwane kanye ne-algaecide yokujikeleza amanzi, ukwelashwa kwamanzi okubuyela emuva kwe-osmosis kanye nezinhlelo zamanzi zokufaka uwoyela endaweni kawoyela. I-DDAC ingahlanza ikhwalithi yamanzi, ivimbele ukukhula kwamagciwane, ivikele imishini yamapayipi ezimbonini, inciphise ukugqwala kwemishini kanye nezindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa kwayo, futhi le nsimu isibe yimakethe eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwe-DDAC.

Emkhakheni wokubulala amagciwane kwezempilo yomphakathi, i-DDAC ifanelekela ukubulala amagciwane nsuku zonke ezindaweni ezibandayo, izinhlelo zomoya opholile, izimoto zomphakathi, amadivayisi ezokwelapha kanye nezindawo zokusebenzela zokucubungula ukudla. I-DDAC iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinhle kakhulu zokushisa okuphansi, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kokubulala amagciwane kuhlala kuzinzile ezimweni zokubulala amagciwane ezisezingeni eliphansi, ihlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwempilo yomphakathi okujwayelekile.

Emikhakheni yezolimo, amahlathi kanye nezinto zokwakha, i-DDAC ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni imbewu yezitshalo ngaphambi kokwelashwa ukuze kuvinjelwe izifo zesikhunta ezithwalwa yinhlabathi futhi kuthuthukiswe izinga lokuhluma kwezitshalo kanye nezinga lokusinda. Okwamanje,I-DDACingathatha indawo yezinto ezivamile ezingcolisa kakhulu njengezithako zokulwa nokugqwala kanye nezithako ezingamelani nokubola kwezinkuni, izinto zoqalo kanye nezingubo, okuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa okuluhlaza kwemboni yezinto zokwakha.

Embonini yezindwangu ezilula, ezithembele ekuthambiseni, izakhiwo ezingashintshi futhi ezingangeni kumabhu, i-DDAC isetshenziswa ekuqedeni izindwangu ukuthuthukisa umuzwa wendwangu, ukunciphisa ukumuncwa okungashintshi kanye nomonakalo wamabhu, nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi, i-DDAC ingabulala amagciwane emaqandeni ezinhlanzi nasezindaweni zamanzi okufuywa kwezinhlanzi, ivimbele ngempumelelo izifo ezivamile zasemanzini njenge-saprolegniasis futhi izinzise indawo ezungezile yokufuywa kwezinhlanzi. Njengamanje, izimboni ezahlukene zibeke phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokuphepha, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nomphumela wesikhathi eside wemikhiqizo yokufuywa kwezinhlanzi, futhi izinto ezivamile ezinobuthi obuphezulu nezinsalela eziphezulu ziyaqedwa kancane kancane.

Izinzuzo ze-DDAC ezifana nobuthi obuphansi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nezincazelo eziguquguqukayo ziya ngokuya zigqama. I-DDAC yokuqukethwe okungu-80% ihlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa ezinamandla kakhulu embonini, kanti i-DDAC yokuqukethwe okwenziwe ngokwezifiso okungu-50% ivumelana nezimo zomphakathi nezilula. Uhlelo lwe-DDAC olunezincazelo ezimbili luhlanganisa ngokugcwele izidingo zemakethe. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwamandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nezimboni zezempilo zomphakathi, izimo zokusetshenziswa kwe-DDAC zizokwandiswa kakhulu, futhi ukungena emakethe kuzoqhubeka nokukhula.

Ⅳ. Isiphetho

Ekuphetheni,I-Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DDAC)imelela itshe eliyisisekelo lobuchwepheshe besimanje bokubulala amagciwane. Ngokusebenzisa amazinga ayo amabili ajwayelekile (80% no-50%), i-DDAC inikeza ukuguquguquka kokubili kokwakheka kwezimboni ezisindayo kanye nokuhlanzeka okuqondile. Indlela ehlukile yokuphazamisa ulwelwesi lwe-DDAC iqinisekisa ukususwa okuthembekile kwamagciwane ngaphandle kokuthembela kumakhemikhali aqothulayo. Njengoba amazinga ezempilo yomphakathi eqhubeka nokukhuphuka emhlabeni jikelele, indima ye-DDAC izoba yinto ebalulekile ekuphepheni kokudla, ukwelashwa kwamanzi, kanye nokuhlanzeka kwezikhungo. Abakhiqizi kanye nochwepheshe bezokuhlanzeka bayaqhubeka nokuthola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ze-DDAC, okuqinisa isimo sayo njengempahla yamakhemikhali ebalulekile esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo.