Yonke imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa isikhumba inenqwaba yamakhemikhali, iningi lawo elivela emithonjeni yemvelo. Nakuba izithako eziningi ezisebenzayo zisebenza kahle, ezinye zazo zingase zibe nemiphumela emibi. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda izithako ezisebenzayo zokukhanyisa isikhumba kuyiphuzu elibalulekile lapho ukhetha le mikhiqizo yokunakekela isikhumba.
Yingakho ingxoxo ngalezi zithako ezisebenzayo iyinto ebalulekile. Kumelwe uqonde umphumela oqondile womkhiqizo ngamunye esikhumbeni, ukusebenza kahle kanye nemiphumela emibi yomkhiqizo ngamunye.
1. I-Hydroquinone
Yisithako esisebenzayo esisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yokukhanyisa isikhumba. Sinciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin. I-Food and Drug Administration ikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kumaphesenti ama-2 kuphela emikhiqizweni yokukhanyisa isikhumba ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi. Lokhu kungenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuba kwayo umdlavuza. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ingabangela nokucasuka kwesikhumba. Ngakho-ke, eminye imikhiqizo iqukethe i-cortisone ukuze kuncishiswe lokhu kucasuka. Kodwa-ke, iyisithako esisebenzayo esisebenzayo emikhiqizweni yokukhanyisa isikhumba enomsebenzi we-antioxidant.
2. I-Azelaic acid
Kuyisithako semvelo esitholakala kokusanhlamvu okufana ne-rye, ukolweni kanye nebhali. I-Azelaic acid isetshenziswa ekwelapheni ama-acne. Kodwa-ke, kutholakale ukuthi iyasebenza ngesikhathi sokukhanyisa isikhumba, inciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin. Ikhiqizwa ngesimo sokhilimu onezinga elingu-10-20%. Kuyindlela ephephile nengokwemvelo esikhundleni se-hydroquinone. Ingabangela ukucasuka esikhumbeni esibucayi ngaphandle kokuthi une-allergy kuyo. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-azelaic acid ingase ingasebenzi ekushintsheni kombala wesikhumba okuvamile (ama-freckles, ama-moles).
3. I-Vitamin C
Njenge-antioxidant, i-vitamin C kanye nezinto eziphuma kuyo zivikela ekulimaleni kwesikhumba okubangelwa imisebe yelanga ye-UV. Zidlala indima futhi enkambisweni yokukhanyisa isikhumba, zinciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin. Zibhekwa njengezinye izindlela eziphephile esikhundleni se-hydroquinone. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi zingase zandise amazinga e-glutathione emzimbeni futhi zibe nomthelela ophindwe kabili ekukhanyeni kwesikhumba.
4. I-Niacinamide
Ngaphezu kokwenza isikhumba sibe mhlophe, i-niacinamide ingakhanyisa imibimbi yesikhumba kanye nama-acne, futhi yandise umswakama wesikhumba. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ingenye yezindlela eziphephile kakhulu kune-hydroquinone. Ayinazo imiphumela emibi esikhumbeni noma ohlelweni lwebhayoloji lomuntu.
5. I-Tranexamic acid
Isetshenziswa kokubili ngemithi yokujova esikhumbeni kanye nemithi yomlomo ukuze kukhanye isikhumba futhi kuncishiswe umbala wesikhumba. Futhi ingenye indlela ephephile esikhundleni se-hydroquinone. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwayo akukafakazelwa, kodwa ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi iphephile futhi isebenza kahle.
6. I-retinoic acid
I-vitamin “A” etholakala kuyo, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni ama-acne, kodwa ingasetshenziswa nasekukhanyiseni isikhumba, okungaziwa ukuthi isebenza kanjani. Kodwa-ke, izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukucasuka kwesikhumba kungenye yemiphumela emibi ye-tretinoin, ekhulisa ukuzwela kwesikhumba emisebeni ye-UV, ngakho abasebenzisi kufanele bagweme ukuchayeka elangeni ngoba kungabangela ukushiswa kwesikhumba. Futhi, akuphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
7. I-Arbutin
Kungumthombo wemvelo we-hydroquinone ovela ezinhlotsheni eziningi zamapheya kanye namaqabunga ama-cranberry, ama-blueberry, ama-bearberry nama-mulberry. Kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin, ikakhulukazi ngesimo sayo esimsulwa, njengoba inamandla kakhulu. Kuyindlela ephephile nephumelelayo esikhundleni samanye amakhemikhali asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yokukhanyisa isikhumba. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi i-arbutin ingabangela ukwanda kwesikhumba uma isetshenziswa ngemithamo ephezulu.
8. I-asidi ye-Kojic
Kuyisithako semvelo esikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokubilisa irayisi ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwewayini. Kusebenza kahle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, akuzinzile futhi kuphenduka into ensundu engasebenzi kahle emoyeni noma elangeni. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokwenziwa ezisetshenziswayo zisetshenziswa esikhundleni semikhiqizo yesikhumba, kodwa azisebenzi kahle njenge-kojic acid yemvelo.
9. I-Glutathione
I-Glutathione iyi-antioxidant enamandla okukhanyisa isikhumba. Ivikela isikhumba ekulimaleni kwelanga futhi ivikela nesikhumba ekukhanyeni. I-Glutathione iza ngesimo sama-lotion, ama-creams, insipho, amaphilisi kanye nemijovo. Amaphilisi e-glutathione asebenza kahle kakhulu, athathwa kabili ngosuku amasonto ama-2-4 ukunciphisa umbala wesikhumba. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo zesikhumba azisizi ngenxa yokumuncwa kwawo kancane kanye nokungena kabi esikhumbeni. Abanye abantu bakhetha ukusebenzisa ifomu elijovwayo ukuze bathole imiphumela esheshayo. Kodwa-ke, imijovo ephindaphindwayo ingaholela ezifweni zesikhumba, ukuqubuka. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-glutathione inamandla okukhanyisa amabala amnyama nokukhanyisa isikhumba. Kubikwa nokuthi iphephile.
10. Ama-Hydroxy Acids
I-Glycolic acid kanye ne-lactic acid yizona ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-α-hydroxy acid. Zingena ezingqimbeni zesikhumba futhi zinciphise ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin, njengoba ucwaningo lubonisile. Ziphinde zikhiphe isikhumba esifile kanye nezingqimba ezingaphilile zesikhumba esine-hyperpigmented. Yingakho kutholakale ukuthi zisebenza kahle ekukhanyiseni i-hyperpigmentation esikhumbeni.
11. Isihlanzisi-mbala
Izinto zokususa ibala ezifana ne-monobenzone ne-mequinol zingasetshenziswa ekukhanyiseni isikhumba unomphela. Njengoba zingabangela umonakalo unomphela kumaseli akhiqiza i-melanin, zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezigulini ezine-vitiligo. Zisebenzisa okhilimu abaqukethe leli khemikhali ezindaweni zesikhumba ezingathintekile ukuze zilingane isikhumba. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali anjalo kubantu abaphilile akukhuthazwa. Ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi i-monophenone ingabangela ukucasuka kwesikhumba kanye nokungakhululeki kwamehlo.
Ezinye izithako ezisebenzayo
Kunamakhemikhali engeziwe asiza imboni yokukhanyisa isikhumba. Noma kunjalo, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha komuthi ngamunye. Esinye salezi zithako ezisebenzayo yi-licorice extract, ikakhulukazi i-licorice.
Izifundo zithi iyasebenza ekukhanyiseni izindawo zesikhumba ezimnyama, ezinombala ogqamile kanye nokwenza isikhumba sibe mhlophe. Inciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin. I-Vitamin E idlala indima enqubweni yokukhanyisa isikhumba ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin. Yandisa amazinga e-glutathione emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kucaciswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwala makhemikhali.
Okokugcina, akuzona zonke izithako ezisebenzayo emikhiqizweni yokukhanyisa isikhumba eziphephile. Yingakho abathengi kufanele bafunde izithako ngaphambi kokuthenga noma yimuphi umkhiqizo wokukhanyisa isikhumba.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-14-2022